Sunday, April 18, 2010

The Miniatur Wunderland Hamburg – The World’s Biggest Model Train Set


Model Train Set Frederik Braun and his then-girlfriend and today’s wife were visiting the alpine city of Zurich in July 2000. Sauntering together through the alleys of Zurich’s center, they came across a railway model shop, which at once evoked childhood memories in Frederik.



During the following hours, the idea of realizing the long forgotten childhood dream became more and more mature. On the very same day he called his twin brother Gerrit and surprised him with the following words: „We are going to build the largest model railway in the world“.



Gerrit, who is more rational and sceptical by nature, doubted Frederik’s state of mind and didn’t take the idea too seriously. However, after having received about six more calls from Frederik enthusiastically presenting new ideas about this topic, Gerrit realized that his brother was very serious about it. So, he started thinking about the project from an economical and technical point of view.


The result was that the project is technically demanding, the economic aspect is very risky and from an entrepreneurial view it is crazy – but, still possible. Gerrit had been infected by this idea as well. The two brothers passed the coming days intensely planning their dream despite many doubts and misgivings from their environment.


Only a few days after Zurich’s enlightenment both of them were sure that they would engage in this adventure.


The world’s largest model railway and one of the most popular tourist attractions in Germany is located next to the Elbe in Hamburg’s Speicherstadt.


On more than 1,150 m² model area the Miniatur Wunderland ranges from Scandinavia to the USA, from the coast to the high mountains.




After final construction phase in 2015 model area will have more than 2.300 m² in 12 Construction Areas.



The Miniatur Wunderland has been constantly growing since the year 2001. Having started with two layout areas, Harz and Southern Germany, the Wunderland has openend the seventh area, Switzerland, in November 2007.

More layout areas have already been planned until the year 2014.



The Miniatur Wunderland have pursued the principle of open workshops since the beginning, which means that you can actually see his modellers and technicians working in the Wunderland and observe how landscapes emerge.





Up till now approx. 500,000 working hours and 8.7 Million Euros(11.7M $) they have put into the Miniatur Wunderland.



The Harz is one of the oldest landscapes in Miniatur Wunderland. It was built together with Austria and Knuffingen during the first construction phase (December 2000 – August 2001) and has become an important milestone in the renaissance of modelling.




The many stories and details which can be found in this section were groundbreaking for modelling, as well as the sea of lights at the carnival, and the action buttons.


You can see Wunderland’s people watching Romeo and Juliet dancing on the balcony at the open air theatre. Or have a look at Wunderland’s youths who copy Shakespeare’s love story in modern art in a field of sunflowers.




The Harz is also home to the ICE high speed route and more than 130 trains.


Knuffingen is, next to Austria and the Harz, the oldest layout part of the Miniatur Wunderland.




This city of 10,000 inhabitants, idyllically situated between the Harz and the Alps, is one of the largest cities in Miniatur Wunderland. Knuffingen is known for its innovations and has a worldwide reputation for its automobile industry.



The groundbreaking Carsystem of Miniatur Wunderland was initially installed in Knuffingen, and still is the largest in Wunderland with more than 90 cars.





The police in Knuffingen is also well equipped. A radar trap regularly catches truck drivers who are putting the pedal to the metal. The fire department Knuffingen is working at full capacity.






The central computer system is afflicted by the work of an arsonist who sets fires on different houses in the city. We haven’t been able to catch the arsonist yet, much to the annoyance of the fire department and the joy of our guests. So, the siren will be heard as a characteristic sound in Knuffingen for a long time to come.


Also worth mentioning is the cooperation of Hamburgs’ and Knuffingens’ THW, which work together in many respects. The city of Knuffingen has it’s own website on the Internet.


The Alps in Austria are by far not as high as the Alps in Switzerland, but considerably older. The Austrian section belongs to the primary layout of Miniatur Wunderland and was a big challenge for the team of the Wunderland in the year 2000.

The brothers Braun, both from the German lowlands, wanted Hamburg’s Alps to meet the satisfaction of Alpine dwellers. Moreover, every so-called “Fischkopp” (fish-head – a person from the coastal region of Germany), should be fascinated by the mountain layout in the Miniatur Wunderland as well.




Countless tons of plaster were added in numerous working hours, formed with a chisel, and later on painted. Wanting to illustrate authentic mountain life, typical attributes have been integrated. In the Wunderland Alps, all four seasons are mixed up. Besides skiers and figure skaters, there are also climbers and hikers exploring the fantastic green mountain pastures and rocky slopes.

Hamburg is the hometown of Miniatur Wunderland and the largest as well as the most densely populated city of the entire Wunderland (approx. 250 inhabitants per square meter live here).




About a quarter of the 50,000 inhabitants are gathering in the HSH Nordbank Arena in order to watch the local team of HSV beating the city rival St. Pauli by a pinch. But Hamburg offers many more attractions – for Wunderland’s people as well as for Wunderlands’ visitors.




The city of Hamburg has been created on 200 square meters, including all of the real cities’ most famous details. More than 1,500 trains, with Wunderland’s people from Scandinavia, Knuffingen or Switzerland arrive at Hamburg Mainstation daily.

From here, they leave for numerous attractions such as Hagenbecks Zoo, the Köhlbrandbrücke, St. Michael’s Church or the Wunderland within Wunderland. By the way, the smallest train of the exhibition at scale 1:900 circulates in Wunderlands’ Wunderland.







The American section was opened in 2003, and strikingly, its surface is smaller than that of its neighbour Hamburg. However, it is’nt any less interesting.

The metropolis of Las Vegas, a paradise for gamblers in the desert, is the most luminous spot in Wunderland.




More than 1/10 of all lights (over 300.000) installed throughout Wunderland – about 30,000, are located in this world-famous city.




But America has more breathtaking landscapes to offer. The Keys and Cape Canaveral directly pass into Las Vegas and the Grand Canyon is only separated by a highway from Mount Rushmore and Yosemite Park. The United States of Wunderland are, compared to other areas, not very big, however they are full of attractions.



The layout part of Scandinavia is the largest and technically most challenging part of Miniatur Wunderland.






In 2005 Scandinavia was opened by the consuls of the countries which have been reproduced in the Wunderland. The northern Baltic Sea is filled with 33,000 litres of running water and marks the centre of this layout part. There are many different ships crossing the ocean.




Currently, the fleet on the North Baltic Sea consists of 25 ships. We are developing an autopilot which enables 15-20 ships to navigate on the sea controlled by a computer. The ships are manually navigated presently. Scandinavia has many highlights to offer even without the revolutionary autopilot.





The interaction of water, snow, and light is unique in Wunderland. The simulation of high and low tide every 30 minutes is groundbreaking. However, there are a lot more attractions, such as an “adult” film set behind a dune, flying fairies, and a ghost ship on the Arctic Sea. The Scandinavian section is 300 m² large, and is one of the most popular layouts for visitors and employees.




The Swiss section spreads over two storeys on 250 square meters ( 2 691 sq ft ) and can already now be regarded as the highlight of the entire Wunderland! So far, 4 metric tons of plaster and 15 metric tons of steel have been used to build this section. A roughly 100 square meter ( 1 076 sq ft ) large hole in the ceiling enables the visitor to pass through a mine shaft in the 5,982 mm ( 19.6 feet ) high Matterhorn and view the miniature landscape from the summit.

Besides the Matterhorn, other highlights include the underground station Porta Alpina, the Glacier Express, the Open-Air festival, and as an extra teaser, the chocolate plant.
The Wunderland Mini-Switzerland represents 3 Swiss regions with their typical buildings and landscapes. The fourth floor, at an altitude of about 4.500 mm ( 14.7 feet ), Graubünden is shown with many regional landmarks and highlights like, for example, St.Max (aka St.Moritz).

The area around the foothills of the Matterhorn is built after the Wallis region. Most certainly one of the most striking Swiss regions.

And in the very far south of the Wunderland, “bella Italia” can be anticipated. The Ticino is packed with highlights. Apart from a huge Open-Air concert underneath a medievial fortress, medievial knight games, a failed bank robbery, and much, much more.



Within Wunderland’s Alps an airport of 150 square meters is under construction with every technical feature possible (Car System with supply vehicles, fire engines and the airplanes themselves).
The airport will for sure be the largest model airport in the world, where many different airplanes (from A 380 to Cessna) will operate.

Saturday, April 17, 2010

7 Highest Waterfalls on Earth

A tumbling torrent of water pours out from a thin rim of rock and drops. And drops. Plunging literally thousands of feet through thin air, and set against a steep and imposing cliff face, the waterfall might almost seem a trickle – and yet a trickle it most certainly is not. From the craggy heights of Venezuela’s Angel Falls to the only slightly less lofty crown of Yosemite Falls, rushing streams of water carve their course over the world’s highest waterfalls. The views from the top, though vertiginous, are like those found nowhere else on earth. Prepare for your jaw to drop almost as far as these falls.





7.Yosemite Falls, USA – 739 metres


Plummeting a total of 739 metres (2,425 ft), the world famous Yosemite Falls is the highest measured waterfall in North America and one of the treasures of Yosemite National Park. Formed by the swift waters of Yosemite Creek, which hurl themselves over the edge of a hanging valley in a dramatic and deafening show of force, the 436 m (1,430 ft) plunge of the upper falls alone is among the world’s highest. Difficult and treacherous to view, the smaller plunge of the middle cascades make up a drop of 205 m (673 ft), while the final 97 metres (318 ft) of the lower falls offers the waterfall’s most visited viewing point.


6.Mutarazi Falls, Zimbabwe – 762 metres


Located in Zimbabwe’s Honde Valley, the precipitous yet breathtaking Mutarazi Falls is a 762-metre (2,499 ft), free-leaping waterfall consisting of two delicate tiers in rapid succession, the higher of which is often hidden from view. The falls occur at a point where the Mtarazi River runs its course over the edge of the eastern escarpment of Zimbabwe's Eastern Highlands, and its two near-indistinguishable drops present an impressive sight as the river pitches headlong over the cliff face. The waterfall is most impressive in the late summer period when the year-round flow of the river is at its greatest.


5.Gocta Cataracts, Peru – 771 metres

Peru’s stunning Gocta Cataracts is a perennial free-leaping waterfall with two drops that fall in dizzying fashion 771 metres (2,532 ft) straight down into the Cocahuayco River. Known for centuries to local residents of the province of Chachapoyas in Peru's Amazonas region, its existence only recently emerged as common knowledge to the wider world when it was discovered by German Stefan Ziemendorff, who constructed a trail to and measured the falls. Although Gocta shows a modest to high volume of flow, it grows into an immensely powerful cataract when its stream is full, and can be seen from many kilometres away.


4.Mongefossen, Norway – 773 metres

Cascading chaotically down a cliff face in Norway, Mongefossen is usually listed as having a height of 773 metres (2,535 ft). It holds the distinction of being the highest waterfall on earth that can be viewed from a railway station, situated as it is just north of the famous Rauma Railway as its passes through Monge. Unfortunately, as is the case with many of Norway's tallest waterfalls, Mongefossen has been tapped for hydroelectric production, resulting in a greatly diminished water flow during the summer tourist season – though it likely flows well during the snowmelt periods of mid-spring to mid-summer.


3.Ramnefjellsfossen, Norway – 818 metres

Ramnefjellsfossen – traditionally known as Utigardsfossen – is an exceptional waterfall that spills into Norway’s deceptively calm but beautiful Lake Lovatnet, its total drop of 818 metres (2,685 ft) formed by five free-leaping cascades. 599 m (1968 ft) are formed by the steepest part of the falls; the rest is made up by the cascades below the main part and those at the snout of the glacier above. Fed by the mighty Jostedal Glacier – continental Europe’s largest – Ramnefjellsfossen’s surprisingly small flow of water has ensured it is one of the few major waterfalls in Norway not to have been slated for hydroelectric usage.


2.Tugela Falls, South Africa – 948 meters

Indisputably the second tallest waterfall on the planet, South Africa’s mightily impressive Tugela Falls plunges a total of 948 meters (3,110 ft) in a series of five free-leaping tiers. Dropping from an escarpment in the Drakensberg (Dragon's Mountains) within the Royal Natal National Park, the spectacular cascades are easily viewed following heavy rain, when the torrent glistens from the reflection of the late afternoon sun. Reachable via stunning trails and nail-biting chain ladders, the summit of the escarpment and head of the falls offer spectacular views of the cascades rushing down through the natural amphitheatre.


1.Angel Falls, Venezuela – 979 metres

The tallest waterfall on earth at 979 metres (3,212 ft), Venezuela’s Angel Falls is an almighty sight to behold, and its 807 m (2,647 ft) main plunge is also the world’s highest single drop. So great is the height that before reaching anywhere near the base of the falls and Kerep River, much of the water is evaporated or carried away as a fine mist by the wind. Situated in isolated jungle in the Canaima National Park, the waterfall bursts from the cliff face near the brink of the heavily fractured Auyantepui table-top mountain, dropping over the edge, then cascading down steep slopes before dropping over another 30 m (100 ft) high plunge. Awe-inspiring.


Please note: This list does not claim to be indisputably official. Its order ties in with several publications, including The Top Ten of Everything, though not with others, such as the World Waterfall Database. There are no universally recognised standards of waterfall measurement.

Attraction of Bride Eyes


Bride in Paris, originally uploaded by Salman Hamid.

See Attraction of Bride Eyes in this photo, feel free to give comments here.

Bride in Paris


Bride in Paris, originally uploaded by Salman Hamid.

Am I look beautiful???


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Really you are.........

Lahore Lahore hai.


Lahore Lahore hai., originally uploaded by Unofficial APP.

Fresh lahore girl sitting, wearing a stylish dress

Beauty Without Colors


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Group Photo of college girls


Pakistani girls, originally uploaded by Pakistanis 5.

Flying kisses....


visit @ muree.jpg, originally uploaded by Islam Abad Plus.

Flying kisses from hot girls.....wowww..... My visitors gonna happy after watching this pic :)

Islamabad sweeties in Jeans

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